IB music

Here is my IB music notes.. If you need it please feel free :)

• Middle Age Music
• Renaissance Period
• Baroque Period
• Classical Era
• Romantic Period

	Vocab	Important Details	Other
	Chant Melismatic Resonance Ballata Cantus firmus Incipit Jongleurs Instruments: •Fiddle •Lute •Organ •Pipe •Psaltery •Rebec •Sackbut •Shawm	Middle age music (450-1450) [indicates pitches, but not rhythm] Gregorian chant [most of them were created between A.D. 600 and 1300] A B A form Troubadours & Troubavères Leonin- first composer to use measured rhythm Perotin- first composer to write three simultaneous, distinct lines. Estampie : fast dance in triple meter [Jongleurs] Ars Nova includes both sacred and secular music [Secular music gained importance] •Development of polyphony •Use of duple meter •Syncopation Mass ordinary •Kyrie •Gloria •Credo •Sanctos •Agnus Dei Ballata [ A BB AA] dance	Hildegard of Bingen Guillaume IX, duke of Aquitaine Chastelain di Couci Beatriz de Dia (a woman troubadour)
	“Madrigal” Galliard Humanism Motet Passamezzo Pavane Reformation Ricercar Word painting	Renaissance Period (1450-1600) -Martin Luther’s five theses, start of reformation (1517) -Elizabeth I (1545 – 1563) Church less powerful (Reformation) Humanism is important Educated people in music “Word painting” is the basic thing in this era. Bass register : Richer harmony A capella! J Not sharp beats. Motet: polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text. Madrigal : Piece for several solo voices set to a short poem (Italy)	Sacred Music: Josquin Desprez (Flemish) (Wrote: Ave Maria) Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (Italian) (Wrote for catholic church) Secular Music: Giovanni Gabrieli (Venetian) (Wrote polychoral motets)
	Augmentation Basso continuo Concerto grosso Countersubject Diminution Episodes Fugue Harpsichord Incersion Opera Organ Retrograde Ritornello Stretto Terraced	Baroque Period (1600-1750): -Galileo confirms that earth revolves around the sun (1610) -Thirty Years’ Wars (1611) -Newton, Principia Mathematica (1687) “Unity of mood” Specific rhythms (continuity of rhythm) Melody: Opening melody repeated in varied forms Hard to sing or remember! (not balance or symmetry) Dynamics stay same for long periods. Sudden shifts (terraced) Mainly polyphonic texture Homophony for contrast Chords are important Basso continuo! (Improvisation with right hand : Figured bass) Orchestra: violin family gained importance (Basso continuo + strings) Same part playing by different instruments A B A, A B or undivided form Concerto grosso: Small group of soloists pitted against tutti Ritornello The Fugue: Polyphonic composition based on one main theme called subject. Stretto: Imitation before subject completed Varied by: - Inversion (upside down) - Retrograde (backwards) - Augmentation (time values lengthened) - Diminution (time values shortened) Opera Text- libretto (librettist or dramatist) Castrati Baroque Sonata (Church and Chamber) Cantata : çalgı eşliğinde söylenen ve genellikle birden fazla bölüm içeren sözlü beste Handel’s Music : Virtuosity of singer	Antonio Vivaldi Johann Sebastian Bach Arcangelo Corelli George Frideric Handel
	Cadence Coda Scherzo (joke for Italian) Cadenza Fermata Arpeggios	The Classical Era (1750 – 1820) -Seven Years’ Wars (1756 - 1763) -American Decaration of Independence (1776) -French Revolution begins (1789) -Napoleonic Wars (1803 – 1815) -Congress of Vienna (1814 – 1815) “Age of enlightenment” Contrast of mood – gradually or suddenly Flexibility of rhythm (syncopations – changing long/short notes) Texture basically homophonic but flexibly as rhythm Melody easy to remember – tuneful – balanced – symmetrical Sophisticated compositions – popular and folk music Dynamics and Piano ! (1775) Abandoned basso continuo! (Amateurs) (More control, accompaniment – not improvise) ORCHESTRA (Greater orchestra than baroque) Woodwinds – 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons Strings - 1st violins, 2nd violins, violas, cellos, double basses Percussion – 2 timpani Brass – 2 French horns, 2 trumpets Tone colors FORM - Fast movement - Slow movement - Dance –related movement - Fast movement Pauses Mozart – Beethoven – Haydn were three individuals with dissimilar personalities. Haydn’s music: Love of nature, nicknamed symp. “Art is free” (he hated rules) Minuet (simlplest movement) – Trio (ABA – MTM) Rondo: Happy sense (liveliness, buoyancy...) Symphony : 1. Quick, in a binary form or later sonata form 2. Slow 3. Minuet and trio (later developed into the scherzo and trio), in ternary form 4. Quick, sometimes also in sonata form Concerto: Movement for soloist and orchestra. It must be strong and dramatic. Piano! Chamber Music (2-9 musicians) F – S – Min & Sch– Fast	Mozart Beethoven Haydn (rich)
		The Romantic Period (1820 – 1900) -Freedom -Emotional subjectivity -Realm of fantasy -Revolutions in France -Communist Manifesto (1848) -Darwin (1859) -Bell – telephone (1876) -Spanish American War (1898) -Industrial Revolution MUSIC Deeply rooted in classical period ...reflects musicians personalities. -Often the lovers and unhappy composers... Nature! Nationalism and Exoticism -Carmen (Spain) – George Bizet -Madame Butterfly (Japanese) - Giacomo Puccini -Scheherazade (Arabian)– Rimsky Korsakov Program Music Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea or scene (eg. Romeo and Juliet) Tone Color ! (Timbre) Bütün enstrümanlar önemli, 100 musicians, Woodwind instruments are more flexible and accurately. Orchestra : Brilliant Piano – Damper Pedal (loud) Chromotic harmony Thematic transformation Romantic composers’ public Ø Free artist Ø Because of French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars musicians lost their jobs. Ø Paris Philharmonic Society (1813) Ø Vienna “ “ (1842) Ø New York “ “ (1842) Ø Virtuosity gained importance Ø Solo recitals Ø Piano became a fixture in every home Ø Fathers of composers and musicians have different jobs (they’re not musicians) So, the musicians think that you can choose music as a job or hobbie. There is no more force on this job. (musical freedom) The Art Song A composition for solo voice and piano Poetry and music together (Like word painting) Nature and emotions are important Strophic and Through-Composed Form Repeating the Writing new music same music for for each stanza. each stanza. (Reflect a poem’s changing moods) Program Music Nationalism in Nineteenth- Century Music	Mahler Franz Schubert Robert Schumann Clara Wieck Schumann Frédéric Chopin Franz Liszt Felix Mendelssohn Hector Berlioz Antonin Dvořák Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Johannes Brahms Guiseppe Verdi Giacomo Puccini Richard Wagner